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2021年考研英语阅读新题型：段落排序题解题方法及技巧
- 阅读解题方法
★迅速阅读各个段落（包括题干及选项），圈出每个句子的核心信息，并确定段落的主题句。
- 核心信息包括各个段落中的疑问词、动词、高频词汇以及衔接词，以此迅速理清长难句的主干结构，初步确定句与句之间的逻辑关系。
- 主题句通常为表达观点的句子，具有概括性、抽象性等特点。
★相较于信息匹配题与完型填句/段题，排序题要求考生在把握句际逻辑的基础上，还需熟悉篇章结构，从而在阅读选项时能够有意识地分辨每个选项与文章主题之间的关系，并利用每段首尾句的衔接词定位段落位置。
新题型的文章选材以议论文和说明文为主，而这类文本的叙述和展开都会遵循特定的行文结构。那么，解答排序题的关键就在于确定文本类型以及篇章结构，常见的篇章结构大致分为三类：现象/案例分析型、观点论证性以及介绍说明型。
以《2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）考试大纲（非英语专业）》中排序题样题为例，已知首尾两段分别为[G]与[F]，各段大意经“四分六问”法分析如下：
[A]我只是不知道如何激励他们更好完成工作。
[B]最终，我不能告诉他们升迁取决于优秀的文书工作。
[C]手下警员存在一些问题。
[D]但那（建议将定罪记录纳入绩效考核标准）并不公平。
[E]他们讨厌文书工作，常常推迟或做得不够。
[F]希望这次研讨会对解决这一问题以及今后工作有所帮助。
[G]警长如何让警员做好工作成为本次研讨会讨论焦点。
分析：首尾两段[G]与[F]中都包含“研讨会”这一线索词，首尾呼应。根据选项[C]、与[F]中关键词“问题”可知，该篇文章篇章结构应为第①类，选项[C]是对[G]中“警长如何让警员做好工作”的进一步阐释，而选项[E]则是对“手下警员问题”的具体描述。依据现象分析型篇章结构，接下来应该是分析原因，选项[A]符合要求，且本段中还提到了预算吃紧、文书工作枯燥等原因，而选项[B]段首的“Finally”一词虽极具迷惑性，但细读会发现，本段从“文书工作并不会影响升迁”和“警员培训内容为外勤而非文书工作”两个方面进一步分析了警员不重视文书工作的原因，应当紧跟在选项[A]之后。至于解决问题或评价，[D]段中“suggested”一词建议或解决方案，且“但那（建议将定罪记录纳入绩效考核标准）并不公平”表达了很清晰的态度。因此，本篇排序题各段正确顺序应为[G] → [C] →[E] → [A] → [B] →[D] →[F]。
第三步： 确定答案（排除干扰项）
★完成前两步后，考生基本可得出初步答案。最后一步需对文章信息衔接与篇章结构再次检查，排除干扰项，最终确定答案。干扰项通常表现为：概括片面、衔接中断以及主题不符。
- 阅读解题技巧
[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.
[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.
41. →42. →43. →44. →E→45.
分析：首先将各个选项段首与段尾的词汇线索作上标记，选项[E]的位置已确定，该选项段尾提到two opposing trends，可以推知下文应当就这两种趋势进行说明，如此构成总——分结构。[A]项首句提到The first and more important is…growing preference for eating out以及末句中的Meanwhile…They tend to…consider eating at home a realistic alternative恰好构成两种对立趋势，故正确答案选[A]。
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