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华慧考博英语经验:如何读懂长难句
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华慧考博英语经验:如何读懂长难句
学会这四步，读懂长难句。长难句是考博英语中不可或缺的一部分，甚至在一篇阅读理解中会连续出现一两个长难句。因此如果读不懂长难句，更别提读懂整篇文章，做对题目了。
以下以历年阅读真题为例：
25 years ago, Ray Anderson, single parent with a one-year-old son witnessed a terrible accident which took place when the driver of a truck ran a red light and collided with the car of Sandra D, and the impact of the collision killed Sandra instantly , but her three-month-old daughter Karen was left trapped in the burning car.
What happened 25 years ago?
Michael’s parent got divorce
Kaen was adopted by Ray Anderson
Karen’s mother died in a car accident
A truck drive lost his life in a collision.
注：根据对该难句的理解，可知答案为 ( C ).
综上所述，读懂长难句是我们面临的的重点以及难点，各大参考书给出笼统建议就是找主干找从句。那究竟要怎么做?这里细化如下四步走：
第一步： 找连词(从属连词&并列连词)：连词是连接各个句子的词语，通过找到连词然后确定各小句子，随后逐一击破最后进行串连。(注：一个连词如果连接的是句子那么可连接两个句子，因此n个连词可连接N+1个句子。所以通过找连词我们可以判断小句子数)
并列连词;and, or , but. 并列相同成分，从后往前判断可精确并列成分。
从属连词: W--+to do/句子， that+句子等等。
第二步：找谓语动词。句子的灵魂是谓语动词，一个谓语动词构成一个句子。(因此通过谓语动词的数量可以确定小句子数量。)
动词类型：第一二人称+V原形，第三人称+V三单形式，be+V ing ,情态动词+do, have/has +done, be +done等。
第三步：找介词in,on, at, of, off, with。介词引导地成分充当定，状，补成分。如上述例题the driver of a truck货车司机。
第四步：整理各个小句进行逻辑串连。
以下举出一个实例：(选自东北师范2017年阅读)
I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason ----are the aims of all social arrangement.
重点词汇和短语：bureaucratically官僚主义地 humanist人本主义 potentiality潜力
第一步：找连词
I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason ----are the aims of all social arrangement.
注意：段中的and连接的是成分不是句子，所以连接句子的连词只有两个，也就是三个句子。
第二步：找谓语动词
I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason ----are the aims of all social arrangement.
共计3个动词，通过找动词进一步反推为2个连词。
第三步：找介词
I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason ----are the aims of all social arrangement.
注意：which前面的两个in是与which构成的限制性定语从句。
第四步：整理各小句子进行逻辑串连。
①I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism ②in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism ③in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason ----are the aims of all social arrangement.
注：①我建议将我们的社会制度从一个官僚主义管理工业体制。注：suggest doing sth②in which引导定语从句。(以最大限度生产和消费为目的)的官僚管理工业体制③是in which引导的定语从句。(以人及其潜能的充分开发----如这些爱和理性的潜能)作为社会安排的人本主义工业体制。
最终整理译文如下：
我的建议将我们的社会制度从一个本身最大限度生产和消费为目的的官僚主义管理工业体制转为人及其潜能的充分开发--如爱和理性的潜能作为社会安排的人本主义工业体制。
学会这四步，读懂长难句。
长难句是考博英语中不可或缺的一部分，甚至在一篇阅读理解中会连续出现一两个长难句。因此如果读不懂长难句，更别提读懂整篇文章，做对题目了。
以下以历年阅读真题为例：
25 years ago, Ray Anderson, single parent with a one-year-old son witnessed a terrible accident which took place when the driver of a truck ran a red light and collided with the car of Sandra D, and the impact of the collision killed Sandra instantly , but her three-month-old daughter Karen was left trapped in the burning car.
What happened 25 years ago?
Michael’s parent got divorce
Kaen was adopted by Ray Anderson
Karen’s mother died in a car accident
A truck drive lost his life in a collision.
注：根据对该难句的理解，可知答案为 ( C ).
综上所述，读懂长难句是我们面临的的重点以及难点，各大参考书给出笼统建议就是找主干找从句。那究竟要怎么做?这里细化如下四步走：
第一步： 找连词(从属连词&并列连词)：连词是连接各个句子的词语，通过找到连词然后确定各小句子，随后逐一击破最后进行串连。(注：一个连词如果连接的是句子那么可连接两个句子，因此n个连词可连接N+1个句子。所以通过找连词我们可以判断小句子数)
并列连词;and, or , but. 并列相同成分，从后往前判断可精确并列成分。
从属连词: W--+to do/句子， that+句子等等。
第二步：找谓语动词。句子的灵魂是谓语动词，一个谓语动词构成一个句子。(因此通过谓语动词的数量可以确定小句子数量。)
动词类型：第一二人称+V原形，第三人称+V三单形式，be+V ing ,情态动词+do, have/has +done, be +done等。
第三步：找介词in,on, at, of, off, with。介词引导地成分充当定，状，补成分。如上述例题the driver of a truck货车司机。
第四步：整理各个小句进行逻辑串连。
以下举出一个实例：(选自东北师范2017年阅读)
I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason ----are the aims of all social arrangement.
重点词汇和短语：bureaucratically官僚主义地 humanist人本主义 potentiality潜力
第一步：找连词
I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason ----are the aims of all social arrangement.
注意：段中的and连接的是成分不是句子，所以连接句子的连词只有两个，也就是三个句子。
第二步：找谓语动词
I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason ----are the aims of all social arrangement.
共计3个动词，通过找动词进一步反推为2个连词。
第三步：找介词
I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason ----are the aims of all social arrangement.
注意：which前面的两个in是与which构成的限制性定语从句。
第四步：整理各小句子进行逻辑串连。
①I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism ②in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism ③in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason ----are the aims of all social arrangement.
注：①我建议将我们的社会制度从一个官僚主义管理工业体制。注：suggest doing sth②in which引导定语从句。(以最大限度生产和消费为目的)的官僚管理工业体制③是in which引导的定语从句。(以人及其潜能的充分开发----如这些爱和理性的潜能)作为社会安排的人本主义工业体制。
最终整理译文如下：
我的建议将我们的社会制度从一个本身最大限度生产和消费为目的的官僚主义管理工业体制转为人及其潜能的充分开发--如爱和理性的潜能作为社会安排的人本主义工业体制。
强力推荐:
2021年华慧考博英语冲刺点睛辅导班-3次点睛辅导+真题课程 1980元
