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华慧考博:关于分词短语做状语时的逻辑主语
我们知道非谓语包括三种形式，即不定式、动名词和分词短语，非谓语虽然不能充当谓语动词，但均有动词的性质，所以便有了逻辑主语一说。今天华慧考博老师主要讨论分词的逻辑主语，主要涉及三个方面：
一、主语一致：分词短语的动作应该由句子主语发出。
一般来讲，分词短语的动作应该是由句子主语发出的，也就是说，分词短语的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致，否则句子意思的逻辑便不通。我们先看看以下典型的错误句子。
- Walking on the street, a brick fell on my head.
- Before discussing the project, my dog was fed.
- After sending the message, the password should be reset.
- Arriving the school, the gate was found locked.
- Being an excellent student, the English is her favorite.
- As I walking on the street, a brick fell on my head. 或者, Walking on a street, I saw a brick falling down and hitting my head.
- Before we discuss the project, my dog was fed, 或者， Before we discuss the project, I fed the dog.
- After sending the message, you should reset the password.
- Arriving the school, I found the gate locked.
- Being an excellent student, she favors the English most.
我们再来看几个考博的真题句子：
- With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteen-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general. (北京师范大学2015年阅读)
- The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensity, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an “afterimage” superimposed on the second. (西南交通大学2015年阅读)
- 有自己主语的分词 - 独立主格
- 分词短语的逻辑主语除了以上提到的要与句子主语一致以外，很多情况下，分词本身有自己意义上的主语，这时分词短语的动作和谓语动词的动作不是由同一主语发出。这种语法结构，在英语中被称为“独立主格”。这类似于动名词的复合结构（my doing) 和不定式的复合结构（for sb. to do）。
- All the work having been done, we planned to watch a movie.
- Weather permitting, our spring outing will be held at this weekend.
- The Chinese word for crisis is divided into two characters, one meaning danger and the other opportunity.
- 固定表达方式
- 副词+speaking：
Strictly speaking, you are not a right person to this position.
- 分词+介词，如 judging from, talking of, assuming, etc.
Talking of English, she is the best speaker.
- 分词+（that）从句，如seeing that..., considering that..., supposing that... etc.
Supposing that there was a war, what would they act?
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