在领导人民争取自由解放、实现当家作主的新民主主义革命伟大斗争中，中国共产党始终将马克思主义人权理论同中国实际相结合，开创了既符合人权的普遍性原则又具有鲜明中国特色的人权保障之路。

　　自大革命时期（1924－1927年）开始，中国共产党就将改善民生、保障人民生存权作为重要任务。在土地革命战争时期（1927－1937年），中国共产党领导中华苏维埃政府颁布并实施了土地法，不仅让农民在政治上翻身，而且在经济上分到田地，获得基本生存权利。全面抗日战争时期（1937－1945年），中国共产党制定了一系列保障人权的条例细则，领导陕甘宁边区实行“减租减息”政策。解放战争时期（1945－1949年），中国共产党提出保障人权、解救民生，领导制定《中国土地法大纲》等文件，在拥有1亿多人口的解放区开展土地改革，实行耕者有其田，消灭了封建生产关系。中国共产党还积极组织生产运动，确保自给自足，鼓励发展私营工商业，出台社会优抚等政策措施，努力保障民生。

　　实现人民当家作主是新民主主义革命人权保障的主要任务。在中国共产党领导的中央苏区、陕甘宁边区实行普选制度，给长期受到压迫的人民以参政议政的权利。抗战时期，抗日根据地实行“三三制”，建立抗日民主政权（共产党员、党外进步人士和中间派各占1/3）。这些政策和制度，大大提高了人民群众参与革命、参与政权管理的热情。

　　保护妇女合法权益。中共中央制定有关妇女解放和改革婚姻家庭问题的政策纲领，各边区政府特别是中央工农民主政府先后制定适用于全苏区的婚姻法和婚姻条例，废除封建包办买卖婚姻，禁止蓄婢纳妾，确立一夫一妻的婚姻制度，实行婚姻自由，婚后所得财产为夫妻共同财产，第一次使广大妇女在人身上、经济上获得了解放，提高了广大妇女的社会地位，激发了妇女参与革命和生产的积极性。

　　文教卫生事业也在中国共产党领导的地区发展起来。中央苏区颁布了《中华苏维埃共和国宪法大纲》，明确劳苦大众享有平等的受教育权，并兴建学校，组织各类讲习班，着力提高人民群众文化水平。在陕甘宁边区，政府采取夜校、读报组等方式扫除文盲，并因陋就简开设中小学校，创办鲁迅艺术学院、延安自然科学院等高校与研究机构，努力发展文化科学事业。中华苏维埃共和国成立中央防疫委员会，省、县、区三级设立卫生部（科），大力建设工农医院、贫民诊所和公共卫生所，培养医务人员，组织群众性防疫卫生运动，明显改善了人民医疗卫生状况。

【参考译文】
 

In the New Democratic Revolution to liberate and free the people and make them masters of the country, the CPC always applied Marxist human rights theory to the Chinese context, pioneering a path of human rights predicated on the universality of human rights and one that is distinctively Chinese.

In the Great Revolution (1924-1927), the CPC took on improving people’s lives and protecting their right to subsistence as key objectives. In the Agrarian Revolutionary War (1927-1937), the CPC-led Chinese Soviet Government promulgated the Land Law, giving the peasants political rights as well as land to till, so that they could make a living. In the full-scale phase of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1937-1945), the Party formulated a series of regulations and measures for human rights protection, and enacted tax and interest reduction policies in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. In the War of Liberation (1945-1949), the Party emphasized protection of human rights and ensuring basic livelihoods for the people, formulated the Outline of the Land Law of China and carried out land reform among 100 million people in the liberated areas, distributing land among peasants and putting an end to feudal production relations. It organized production campaigns to ensure self-sufficiency, encouraged privately-owned industrial and commercial businesses, and provided social relief, all to ensure the people’s wellbeing.

Making the people masters of the country was a primary goal in ensuring human rights during the New Democratic Revolution. Universal suffrage was implemented in the CPC-led Central Soviet Area and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and the long-oppressed people finally had the right to participate in politics and have their voice heard. During the War Against Japanese Aggression, the base areas established democratic governments with CPC members, progressive non-CPC figures, and centrists each occupying one third of the official posts. These policies and systems greatly encouraged the people to take part in revolution and political administration.

The legitimate rights and interests of women were protected. Following the guidelines of the CPC Central Committee on women’s liberation and marriage reform, and the marriage laws and regulations enacted and applied to all the soviet areas, arranged and mercenary marriage was abolished, and keeping maids or concubines was forbidden. Monogamy was established along with freedom of marriage, and postnuptial property was regarded as community property. For the first time, women gained the freedom of their person and economic equality in marriage. With rising social status, women became more active in revolution and in the workplace.

Culture, education, and health services flourished in the CPC-led areas. In the Outline of the Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic promulgated in the Central Soviet Area, it was stipulated that the working masses enjoyed equal right to education. Schools were built and training sessions organized to help improve people’s educational levels. In the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region the government set up night schools and newspaper reading groups to eliminate illiteracy, opened elementary and middle schools despite the difficult conditions, and founded the Lu Xun School of the Arts, the Yan’an Academy of Natural Sciences, and other institutions of higher education and research.

The Chinese Soviet Republic formed an epidemic prevention and control committee at the central level, and health departments (offices) were set up at the district, county and provincial levels. Hospitals were built for workers and peasants, as well as clinics for the poor and public health centers. The cohort of health workers was strengthened and mass campaigns were rolled out to prevent and control epidemics. All this significantly improved people’s health.