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华慧考博英语-中科院短文选句填空阅读指导
中科院考博英语阅读题型分为两个部分，Section A部分为常规阅读，而Section B部分为短文选句填空。该题型有两篇文章，每题分为两个部分：缺空短文部分和选项部分，短文部分通常设有5处空缺，选项部分会提供6个项，要求考生从所有备选选项中选出5个合适的选项分别填入原文的空缺中，以补全文章，使短文意思通顺，前后连贯。该题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解，即理解文章主旨，掌握段落大意和上下文语境，重点考查逻辑思维能力。解这类题型的步骤推荐考生朋友们分四步走：（以一篇真题为例）示例：原文
The old belief that the universe never changes is quite wrong. Even before the invention of the telescope, astronomers noticed that bright stars suddenly appear in the sky, and then later disappear. 66 In fact we now know that they are really old stars which are slowly dying. A recent case of a nova occurred in 1918, and one of the few people who saw this was the American astronomer Edward Barnard. He was driving along in a car, occasionally looking up into the sky. Suddenly he noticed a star that he had never seen before, and exclaimed, “That star should not be there!” He was in fact watching the explosion of a nova.
67 As they do so, they let out huge clouds of material. Sometimes as large as the earth and these explode into space at a speed of about 8,000,000 kilometers per hour. When this happens, the hotter parts of the star become visible, and this is why novae are so bright. Although the explosions are huge on a human scale, they only consume a small part of the dying stars energy. 68 Indeed, there are even some stars which explode once a fortnight.
There are other old stars which do not die slowly, but are completely destroyed by one great explosion. 69 The explosion of a supernova is equivalent to about a million, million, million hydrogen bombs going off at the same time. Just before the explosion the star’s density become very great and it spins at a very high speed. A matchbox of material taken from the star at that time would weigh about 1, 000 tons, and the star would be turning at about 16, 000, 000 kilometers per hour. 70 One supernova which Chinese astronomers observed in 1054 can still be seen by us today. It has been shining for at least nine hundred years.
选项
A. Novae are old stars which are slowly dying.
B. They are known as “supernovae.”
C. The death is a slow one, and the star may continue to explode for thousands of years.
D. The explosion of a supernova is like a cosmic bomb.
E. The explosion itself occurs suddenly, in the space of a minute, but the supernova continues to shine long after the event.
F. These stars were called “novae” because they were thought to be new.
一、略读原文，了解内容大意和文章结构。
我们可以浏览一下首段以及每段首尾句，大概了解文章内容，和文章行文结构。知道文章主旨也能为第二步做铺垫，即有利于我们更精准地标记选项关键词。例如上面这篇真题，通过略读文章我们知道这篇文章是讲述Novae（新星）的有关天文学的说明文。首段通过“宇宙永恒不变的理论是错误的”引出“人们看到的星星的突然出现是新星的爆炸（the explosion of a nova）”第二段提及新星爆炸的速度以及它释放的巨大能量，又进一步说明有些爆炸是频繁出现的。（there are even some stars which explode once a fortnight.）。第三段描述恒星另一种摧毁形式即一次彻底的大爆炸（There are other old stars which do not die slowly, but are completely destroyed by one great explosion.）最后举了一个例子说明爆炸后的超新星会闪耀很多年。知道文章的大致内容，每段段落大意我们就可以开始第二步阅读选项。
- 分析选项，标记关键词。
A. Novae are old stars which are slowly dying.（新星是正在缓慢死亡的古老恒星。）关键词novae和old stars。这个选项是给novae下定义，那么这句话所在段落必然是首次提出novae这个概念。
B. They are known as “supernovae.”（它们被称为 "超新星"）关键词They，说明该句前有提到复数名词，且句前描述的是有关supernovae的信息。
C. The death is a slow one, and the star may continue to explode for thousands of years.（ 死亡的过程是缓慢的，恒星可能会继续爆炸数千年之久。）关键词是death、slow、continue to explode。说明该选项所在部分是描述缓慢爆炸的恒星的信息，并且爆炸持续时间长。
D. The explosion of a supernova is like a cosmic bomb.（超新星的爆炸就像一个宇宙炸弹。）
关键词explosion、supernova、bomb。该选项应该在描述超新星的段落。
- The explosion itself occurs suddenly, in the space of a minute, but the supernova continues to shine long after the event.（爆炸本身是突然发生的，在一分钟的时间内，但超新星在事件发生后仍会继续发光。）该选项关键词explosion、suddenly、shine long 该选项描述的是新星突发的大爆炸，且爆炸后发光时间长，对应的段落应该是最后一段。
三、阅读文章，匹配选项。
选项文章都大致了解后开始补全文章，重点分析空白的前后句子；另外要注意不要直接排除已选选项，以免一步错、连环错。
这篇文章 66题关键是空格后一句中表示“相反”或“转折”关系的短语“In fact”，说明人类对宇宙（或更确切地说对恒星）的认知发生了转变。选项F的语义和动词时态均可以呼应空格后的句子。
67题所在第二段主要描述了新星的衰落过程。根据空格后一句“As they do so, they let out huge clouds of material. 当他们这样作用的时候，他们会释放出巨大的物质云”中的“so”可以是答题的线索词，可以知道第二段开始应该先讲古老行星的缓慢消亡。对应so这个单词。因而选A。
68题的关键是空格的后一句“Indeed, there are even some stars which explode once a fortnight.确实，有些恒星会每两周爆炸一次”。这说明前文应该提及有些恒星在衰落的过程中可能会经历多次爆炸。因此选项C为最佳答案。
69题所在第三段第一句就讲到另一种特殊的恒星，它们在一次巨大的爆炸之后完全毁灭。这是引入“supernova”这个名词就很合理。另外，空格后的句子提到的“a supernova一个超级新星”也是重要的线索词。因此，空格中的句子很可能会介绍这种恒星的名称，因而选B。
70题所在的第三段从多个维度描述了超新星的爆炸：释放的能量、速度和时间。空格后面是一个例子，举例说明超新星爆炸后仍可以长时间发光。由此推测空格前面超新星爆炸后闪光时间长。选项E为最佳答案。
四、回查疑点并确定答案
检查核对已选出的答案，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑等，从而综合判断选择的答案是否正确。例如这篇文章的干扰项D. The explosion of a supernova is like a cosmic bomb.较干扰到67、68.题。67空后为they复数代词，与选项里单数名词明显不能构成指代关系。68将选项带入进去会发现supernova一词很突兀，文意明显不通。因此若做题过程中纠结不定，检查这一步便可核对确定。
以上便是选句填空题型的解题技巧步骤，望广大考生理论联系实践，多多练习进步。
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