医学博士英语考试阅读选择题解题技巧（三）

继上次医学博士英语考试阅读选择题解题技巧（二），今天华慧老师继续给各位考生带来阅读理解做题中常用8大解题技巧之技巧5和技巧6。

技巧5：确定例证要支持的论点

例证理解题是医学博士英语考试中非常常见的一种题型。而文中的举例无一例外地都是为主题服务的，因此确定例证要支持的观点是解答此类题型的关键。绝大多数情况下，例子所要证明的论点位于例子前面。也有少数会在举例之后归纳概括论点。总之，只要仔细阅读例子前后语境，就不难找出正确答案。

例1： 2020年医学统考真题（例题选自《华慧医学考博英语一本通》）

Gianluca Viall, manager of Chelsea Football Club, expressed it explicitly enough: “The foot is the tool of the trade of the footballer.” You might therefore expect footballers to take particularly good care of their feet. But results presented at a recent conference of dermatologists in Amsterdam suggest otherwise. Professional footballers seem as likely to suffer from fungal infections of the foot as other people.

One study, called Achilles Project, looked at 76,475 pairs of feet belonging to people from 18 European countries. It found that 26% of the sample had Tinea pedis, better known as athlete's foot, while 30% had Onychomycosis, an infection that causes toenails to become thickened, discolored and distorted. The results showed that East European countries have consistently higher rates of infection. On average, 30% of Britons, Germans and Belgians had some form of fungal infection, compared with 85% of Russians, and less than 10% of Spaniards.

63. From the description of Tinea pedis and Onychomycosis, we are sure that ________.

A. Tinea pedis affects athletes more than Onychomycosis

B. Tinea pedis and Onychomycosis are both fungal infections

C. Tinea pedis is a more serious infection than Onychomycosis

D. Tinea pedis is more sensitive to anti-fungal drugs than Onychomycosis

【答案】B

【解析】根据“论点常出现在例子前”这一规律，发现文章在举例子Tinea pedis和Onychomycosis前明确提到“Professional footballers seem as likely to suffer from fungal infections of the foot as other people. 职业足球运动员和其他人一样容易患足部真菌感染。"，选项B“Tinea pedis 和Onychomycosis都属于真菌感染。"与此相符，故为正确答案。选项A“足癣对运动员的影响大于甲真菌病”；选项C项“足癣是一种比甲真菌病更严重的感染”；选项D“足癣比甲真菌病对抗真菌药物更敏感”。

技巧6：抓大放小，首尾是关键

在解答段落主旨题或文章主旨题时，不能拘泥于“细枝末节”，甩掉难于理解的难词，难句等，甚至对某些段落也只需要“一扫而过”。由于英语段落或者文章的结构主要有两类:总-分”和“总-分-总”，故全文的主旨通常在文章的首尾出现。如果文章没有明确给出段落主旨或者文章主旨，则可结合段落各句的核心意思或各段的中心进行归纳，或根据文中反复出现的关键词或内容进行调整。

例：2019年医学统考真题（例题选自《华慧医学考博英语一本通》）

You are what you eat, or so the saying goes. But a new generation of molecular biologists is starting to give that old adage a decidedly high-tech twist.

By combining the latest discoveries in human genetics with a deeper understanding of the hundreds of compounds found in food, investigators have begun to tease apart some of the more complex interactions between your diet and your DNA. In the process, they hope eventually to give consumers more personalized advice about what to eat and drink to stave off heart disease, cancer and other chronic conditions of aging.

“We are trying to put more science behind the nutrition,” says Jose Ordovas, a geneticist at the Friedman School of Nutrition at Tufts. “We want to finally understand why nutrients do what they do and to whom—why a low-fat diet may not work for some but works for others.”

Do you drink three cups or more of coffee a day? Genetic tests can now determine whether you—like approximately 10% to 20% of the population—have a specific genetic variation that makes it harder for your body to absorb calcium in the presence of caffeine, thus increasing your rate of bone loss.

Are you getting enough folic acid, found in beans, peas and fortified grains? Researchers have learn¬ed that many people have a genetic predisposition that puts them at greater risk of developing heart dis¬ease because they need more folic acid than the average person to maintain normal blood chemistry.

Would a high-fat diet be particularly damaging to your health, given your genetic makeup? About 15% of folks are born with a form of a liver enzyme that causes their HDL, or good cholesterol, level to go down in response to dietary fat. In most people the HDL level goes up, counterbalancing some of the bad effects of dietary fat on LDL—the dangerous cholesterol.

None of those genetic variations are immediately life threatening. In fact, most of them have no apparent effect. The variants are not like the mutations most of us learned about in school—alterations that cause entire genes or series of genes to malfunction and that result in diseases like sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis.

Instead the changes nutritional geneticists are looking for are more like normal variations in the correct spelling of a word—say, theatre or theater, depending on whether you speak the Queen’s English or American. “We all have these variants in our genes,” says Ray Rodriguez, a geneticist at the University of California at Davis. “And they affect how we absorb, utilize and store various nutrients.”

Researchers now have a good reference guide for the 25,000 or so genes of the human genome and the more than 3 million common variants that lurk within those genes. They still need to figure out how all those genetic variables relate to health and disease.

Add the fact that food is full of hundreds of bioactive compounds, each of which varies depending on where plants are grown or animals are raised, and you’ve got quite a lot of information to puzzle out. In the end, you’ll probably find out you still need to eat your broccoli. But at least you’ll have a better understanding of why.

76. What does the passage want to verify?

A. You are what you eat.
B. You are not what you eat.
C. The relationship between cancer and eating habit.
D. The relationship between technology and eating.

【答案】A

【解析】由第一段中“You are what you eat, or so the saying goes. But a new generation of molecular biologists is starting to give that old adage a decidedly high-tech twist.常言道，你吃什么就是什么。不过新一代分子生物学家正着手给这句话作明确的高科技解读。”提出话题“从科学的角度对，你吃什么就是什么’进行解读”以及后续段落围绕该话题进行论述，可知A项“你吃什么就是什么。”正确，也由此知B项“你吃什么并不代表你是谁。”不正确。C项“癌症和饮食习惯的关系。”只是文中提及的一个内容，D项“科技和饮食的关系。”在文中没有提及。

医学考博英语真题资料推荐：《华慧医学考博英语一本通》