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考博英语：阅读理解找不准定位怎么办？
同学们都知道，做英语阅读理解，定位是第一步，一般根据题干或选项关键词，可以定位到原文的关键词，再对比分析，选答案，但是，如果原文出现多处题干或选项关键词，怎么快速确定答案呢？比如，下面这道题（节选自：2005年医学博士英语考试阅读理解真题）
Have you switch off your computer? How about your television? Your video? Your CD player? And even your coffee percolator? Really switched them off, not just pressed the button on some control panel and left your machine with a telltale bright red light warning you that it is ready to jump back to life at your command?
Because if you haven’t, you are one of the guilty people who help pollute the planet. It doesn’t matter if you’ve joined the neighborhood recycling scheme, conscientiously sorted your garbage and avoided driving to work. You still can’t sleep easy while just one of those little red lights is glowing in the dark.
The awful truth is that household and office electrical appliances left on stand-by mode are gobbling up energy, even though they are doing absolutely nothing. Some electronic products – such as CD players – can use almost as much energy on stand-by as they do when running. Others may use a lot less, but as your video player spend far more hours on stand-by than playing anything, the wastage soon adds up.
In the US alone, idle electronic devices consume enough energy to power cities with the energy needs of Chicago or London – costing consumers around ＄1 billion a year. Power stations fill the atmosphere with carbon dioxide just to do absolutely nothing.
Thoughtless design is partly responsible for the waste. But manufactures only get away with designing products that waste energy this way because consumers are not sensitive enough to the issue, indeed, while recycling has caught the public imagination ,reducing waste has attracted much less attention.
But “source reduction”, as the garbage experts like to call the art of not using what you don’t need to use, offers enormous potential for reducing waste of all kinds. With a little intelligent shopping, you can cut waste long before you reach the end of the chain.
Packaging remains the big villain. One of the hidden consequences of buying products grown or made all around the world, rather than produced locally, is the huge amount of packaging. To help cut the waste and encourage intelligent manufacturers the simplest trick is to look for ultra-light package.
The same arguments apply to the very light but strong plastic bottles that are replacing heavier glass alternatives, thin-walled aluminum cans, and cartons made of composites that wrap up anything drinkable in an ultra-light package.
There are hundreds of other tricks you can discuss with colleagues while gathering around the proverbial water cooler – filling up, naturally, your own mug rather than a disposable plastic cup. But you don’t need to go as far as one website which tells you how to give your friends unwrapped Christmas presents. There are limits to source correctness.
Ultra-light packaging ______.
A. is expected to reduce American waste by one-thirdB. is an illustration of what is called “source reduction”
C. can make both manufacturers and consumers intelligent
D. is a villain of what the garbage experts call “source reduction”
第一步，根据题干定关键词，锁定解题范围。根据题干关键词Ultra-light packaging和选项关键词“source reduction”，可知答案范围锁定在文章倒数第二、三、四段；
第二步，确定选项关键词+分析选项之间的关系。分析选项的关键词，选项A关键词：reduce American waste by one-third；选项B关键词：an illustration of “source reduction”；选项C关键词：make manufacturers and consumers intelligent；选项D关键词：a villain of “source reduction”。选项B和选项D都是针对Ultra-light packaging和“source reduction”之间的关系的，而且选项B和选项D明显是相反的关系。
第三步：排除法，文章倒数第二、三、四段，可以选项A没有提及，故排除。由倒数第三段中To help cut the waste and encourage intelligent manufacturers the simplest trick is to look for ultra-light package.可知选项C错误。
第四步：考虑题干和选项的关系。从选项B和选项D可知，主要需要弄清楚Ultra-light packaging和“source reduction”之间的关系，所以需要先分别弄清楚Ultra-light packaging和“source reduction”是什么？根据倒数第四段第一句But “source reduction”, ..., offers enormous potential for reducing waste of all kinds. 可知 “source reduction”可以帮助减少各种浪费。根据倒数第三段最后一句To help cut the waste and encourage intelligent manufacturers the simplest trick is to look for ultra-light package.可知ultra-light package可以减少浪费，故Ultra-light packaging和“source reduction”之间是类似的关系，因此，答案选B。
