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昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生入学考试考博英语真题
各位考生，2020年全国各大院校博士招生将陆续展开。华慧考博为大家提供2020年各大院校博士招生简章、考博招生专业目录等招生信息。如对考博备考有任何疑问，华慧考博还为广大考生提供了英语试考博真题、部分考博院校gt;专业课真题以及其他考博备考资料。如有需要，请大家关注华慧考博频道或者咨询华慧考博官方电话（ＱＱ同步）4006224468以下是昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生入学考试考博英语真题内容如下：
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）
考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称 ： 英语
试题适用招生专业 ：全校
考生答题须知
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| Section I Structure and Vocabulary ( 15 points ) Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.
A. knows that B. has been known as C. is well known of D. has been known for 9. There are now many kinds of dictionaries, such as a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms, a biographical dictionary, and a geographical dictionary _____. A. with pronunciations given B. that has pronunciations given C. that have pronunciations given D. that do have pronunciations given 10. Each night when______ , my parents lit the fire in the bedroom. A. the temperature fell B. that the temperature did fall C. the temperature fell down D. because the temperature fell 11. With ______spring, plants in the wildness grew greener. A the advent of B arriving at C is arrived in D advention of 12. __________the importance of taking notes in class in the first year of college. A. Little did he realize B. A little he realized C.He realized a little D. He did realize little 13. Each occupation has its own jargon ; bankers, lawyers and computer professionals, for example, all use among themselves language which outsiders _________.
Section II. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points ) Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked with A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer SHEET. Passage One I recently revisited the city which I was born in, which is a place well known for a castle built on a rock overlooking the surrounding plains, and even better known for a legendary figure who robbed the rich to give to the poor. As I toured the castle and its museum, visited the town center, and roamed around old haunts, I reflected on how the buildings that people of different eras build reflect their central preoccupations. The castle was originally built in the eleventh century, and remained important for several centuries. Throughout the medieval period castles and fortified houses were built. The powerful landowners surveyed and dominated the surrounding lands, the source of their wealth and prestige. Once the industrial era began, castles were sidelined. The merchants and factory owners built town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildings. The town center reflects this era. An imposing town hall, complete with massive pillars and monumental lions, overlooks the town square. The square is surrounded by equally massive blocks of shops, banks and offices, built to reflect the power of trade in the heyday of the British Empire. Most people, who enter the city today never visit the castle or the old market square, head for the two shopping malls situated at either end of the city center. Here the visitor can shop to their hearts content in an environment of glass and polished chrome. Modern man is no longer a warrior defending his land, or a builder of churches, or a governor of people: he is primarily a consumer. The buildings our generation leaves to posterity will reflect our predominant interest--- shopping.
Passage Two The study of ecology has taught us that diversity is important to stability in the natural world. Modern agricultural practices and other human interventions in the environment reduces the number of interacting species making the ecosystem vulnerable and unstable. Similarly, human society in its progress toward the cliched global village is liable to make the world less stable not more stable. We are eliminating languages, traditional diets, and eroding cultural practices at an alarming rate. The whole world wants to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clothes. But will this homogeneity be good for the human species? Biologists would tend to say no. Certainly a world where we can all understand each other and share common interests is appealing on one level. But how infinitely poorer we will all be if we travel 5000 miles from home only to find no new people, no new places, no new ways of living, just a copy of what you experience back home.
21. The author implies that ______.
D. agricultural practice is one of the causes for the stability of ecosystem. 22. It is true, according to the passage, that ____.
23. The word “homogeneity” may probably mean______.
Passage Three Smith’s 1776 work, "An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," also shortened as "The Wealth of Nations," appeared at the dawn of industrial development in Europe. While critics note that Smith didn't invent many of the ideas that he wrote about, he was the first person to compile and publish them in a format designed to explain them to the average reader of the day. As a result, he is responsible for popularizing many of the ideas that underpin the school of thought that became known as classical economics. Other economists built on Smith's work to solidify classical economic theory,which would become the dominant school of economic thought through the Great Depression. In this book, Smith discussed the stages of evolution of society, from a hunter stage without property rights or fixed residences to nomadic agriculture with shifting residences. A feudal society is the next stage. In this stage, laws, and property rights are established to protect privileged classes. Laissez-faire （自由放任）or free markets characterize modern society in which new institutions are established to conduct market transactions. Laissez-faire philosophies, such as minimizing the role of government intervention and taxation in the free markets, and the idea that an "invisible hand" guides supply and demand are among the key ideas Smith's writing is responsible for promoting. These ideas reflect the concept that each person, by looking out for him or herself, inadvertently helps to create the best outcome for all. "It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we can expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest," Smith wrote.
26. Which of the following is not the key idea of Adam Smith?
Passage Four Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction. Particular applications of AI include expert systems, speech recognition and machine vision. AI can be categorized as either weak or strong. Weak AI, also known as narrow AI, is an AI system that is designed and trained for a particular task. Virtual personal assistants, such as Apple's Siri, are a form of weak AI. Strong AI, also known as artificial general intelligence, is an AI system with generalized human cognitive abilities. When presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong AI system is able to find a solution without human intervention. Because hardware, software and staffing costs for AI can be expensive, many vendors are including AI components in their standard offerings, as well as access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service (AIaaS) platforms. AI as a Service allows individuals and companies to experiment with AI for various business purposes and sample multiple platforms before making a commitment. Popular AI cloud offerings include Amazon AI services, IBM Watson Assistant, Microsoft Cognitive Services and Google AI services. Some industry experts believe that the term artificial intelligence is too closely linked to popular culture, causing the general public to have unrealistic fears about artificial intelligence and improbable expectations about how it will change the workplace and life in general. Researchers and marketers hope the label augmented intelligence, which has a more neutral connotation, will help people understand that AI will simply improve products and services, not replace the humans that use them.
C. to correct itself and learn by itself and judge on its own D. to recognize human speech, play the role of expert and hear what human says 29. The main difference between strong and weak AI is that_____. A. strong AI is based on more general cognitive ability than a weak one B. a weak AI can fulfill a particular mission more efficiently than a strong one C. given an unfamiliar task, a weak AI would recognize it immediately D. could be found in Apple’s Siri, Google, Amazon and IBM, etc. 30. Access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service platforms is allowed because_____. A. experiment with AI for various business purposes could be very expensive B. sampling multiple platforms before making a commitment is important C. cost to AI as a service is so high that no individual or company could afford it D. costs to make AI is so high that no individual or company could afford it 31. The main human concern over AI in this passage mainly refers to ______. A. whether AI will help them with difficult jobs B. that AI will finally take their place C. whether AI will use them D. if AI will improve products and services Passage Five Scientific investigation is a studious research or inquiry; especially examination or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. While the techniques that scientists use to conduct research may differ across disciplines, like mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, literature, history, philosophy, or any other scientific field, the underlying principles and objectives are similar. The scientific method, for instance, is defined in The Oxford English Dictionary as “a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypothesis.” The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind. It is simply the mode at which all phenomena are reasoned about, rendered precise and exact. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights. It is not that the action of scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but the beam of one is set on a indefinitely finer axis than the other, and of course turns by the addition of a much smaller weight. 32.Methods of scientific investigation, regardless of natural science and social science or humanities studies, are____.
33. According to the passage, the difference between a chemist and a butcher weighing something is that ____. A. the former operates more mentally than the latter B. the former does it more indefinitely C. the latter does it with less principle than the former D. the latter balances less than the former 34. Which of the following may serve as the best topic for this passage? A. Scientific researches and experimentation. B. What is meant by method of scientific investigation? C. How to demonstrate a hypothesis? D. Differences of scientific investigation across disciplines. 35. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? A. The Oxford English Dictionary does not mentioned social science when giving definition of scientific method. B. The scale used by a baker is not the same as that of a scientist. C.The Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of scientific method includes systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, but not modification of hypothesis. D. The method of scientific investigation is nothing of the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind. Section III Translation (25 points) Part One English-Chinese Translation (15 points) Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.
Part Two Chinese - English Translation (10 points) Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into English. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.
Section IV Writing (20 points) Directions: Last year, the marriage rate nationwide dipped to 7.2 newly wedded couples per 1,000 people, dropping for the fifth consecutive year, according to the National Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Civil Affairs. The rate stood at 9.9 per 1,000 in 2013, and was 7.7 in 2017. In this section you are required to write an essay under the title “Low Marriage Rate: Is It Good?”. You must First, display your own view on whether you are for or against the low marriage rate ; Then, analyze and present your demonstration on why your argument is reasonable; Finally, bring your writing to a conclusion or suggestions. Your essay must be no less than 200 words and written on the ANSWER SHEET. |
华慧2020年考博复试（面试）指导1对1辅导班
