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如何拓展考博英语作文的写作思路
谈到考博英语作文，华慧考博老师很多学员就说：“考前背一下模板就可以了”。结果作文就出现了大量内容空洞没有思想的模板句式的堆砌。这是不符合考博作文考察的初衷—能针对社会现象发表自己独特深刻的见解。其实对于平时能够正确翻译中译英文章的考生来说，也不知道作文写什么，主要还是写作内容的问题，而不是英语写作能力。那么拿到一篇考博作文题目如何正确地拓展内容呢？华慧考博老师通过一个例子来说明。Directions: You are to write a composition of no less than 200 words with the following information and do your composition on the ANSWER SHEET. You are to come up with the title for the essay.
Nowadays, more and more Chinese can afford to travel abroad. However, during the travel, some uncivilized behaviors happen from time to time. Please make comment on the phenomena.
很多学员写出来的内容要么是强烈谴责这种不文明的行为，试图说理，如何有损中国形象，个人素质如何低下等；要么长篇提措施，按照模板说政府，媒体，学校等要怎么做，但是这些措施的实际效果有待商榷。我们可以采用以下的提纲来有效的拓展思路：
第一段 事实现象引入句+（拓展句）+主旨句+（过渡句）
第二段 段落主旨句+要点拓展句1+细节支撑句1（阐释原因，说明后果，举例子，摆事实……）
+要点拓展句2+细节支撑句2（阐释原因，说明后果，举例子，摆事实……）
+要点拓展句3+细节支撑句3（阐释原因，说明后果，举例子，摆事实……）
第三段 主旨总结句+问题解决句+展望未来句
事实现象引入句：首先可以先从社会现象引入本文要讨论的问题：随着生活水平、空余时间和收入水平的增多，越来越多的人能够去国外旅游了。
拓展句/主旨句：我们可以针对国外旅游这一现象简单谈一谈利弊：国外旅游拓展视野，增加个人经验的同时也出现了一些不文明的旅游行为。
过渡句：为了能够自然衔接下一段，我们可以自然过渡：主要的不文明行为表现如下。
接着我们需要认真的罗列一些去国外的不文明的行为，并将其归类。透过现象看本质：
第一类：无心之过—大声说话，边吃饭边说话，随时随地拍照等
第二类：个人行为素质—随地吐痰、乱扔垃圾，在建筑物上刻字留念等
第三类：跨文化差异—在伊斯兰教国家吃猪肉，与人说话距离很近，违反当地禁忌等
这样我们通过这三类现象分析背后存在的原因以及针对原因提出针对性的做法。
第一类：增强个人行为，导游和同伴的提醒和相互监督
第二类：加强行为规范教育和提出针对性的惩罚措施来杜绝这种现象的发生。如在申请护照时，可以增加关于文化和行为规范的笔试和面试。
第三类：提前学习旅游国家的文化习俗、规范和禁忌等知识。
最后我们再次强调和总结本文的内容，并表达完美解决这一问题所带来的好处：
只有我们认真分析国外旅游过程中的可能行为，并针对性分析原因和提出措施，我们才能有效提升中国的国际形象并促进国际旅游的良性循环。
下面附上这一思路的参考范文。大家以后也可以按照这一方法来拓展写作思路。
Mind Your Behaviors When Travelling Abroad
With people’s livelihood improved, nowadays, more and more Chinese can afford to travel abroad. Most of them take the opportunity to visit famous tourist attractions, enjoy foreign cuisines and experience foreign culture with their family and friends.
But during the travel, some uncivilized behaviors happen from time to time. They take various kinds of forms. Some people carve their own names or those of their loved ones on renowned cultural heritages. Some people behave very inadequately in public places, such as smoking, talking very loudly or running a red light. Still some others pay no attention to the habits and customs of local people, which may lead to misunderstanding between them and the local people. There are multiple reasons behind the phenomena. For example, people may get so excited when they are visiting a foreign place that they can talk very loudly even without knowing it. People may lack knowledge of cultural differences. Nevertheless, whatever being the case, it causes displeasure and may even lead to an unfavorable impression on our Chinese people in general.
So I’d like to give some advice to those people who intend to travel abroad. Before the travel, you can take some time to learn something about the culture and customs of the places where you intend to visit. When travelling abroad, follow the instructions of your tourist guide. When you notice uncivilized behaviors of your companions, point out their problems and correct their behavior in time. By doing so, I am sure that people’s uncivilized behaviors will decrease greatly when they travel abroad.
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