Part B

Directions：

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41—45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10points)

[A]Set a Good Example for Your Kids

[B]Build Your Kids’ Work Skills

[C]Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities

[D]Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis

[E]Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies

[F]Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are

[G]Build Your Kids’ Sense of Responsibility

How can a Parent Help?

Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the startup adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I can “work life unreadiness”:

41

You can start this process when they are 11 or 12.Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.

42

Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying ”I have no idea” They can change their minds 200 limes, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.

43

Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn, parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.

44

Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous bats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.

45

They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.

What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult(as naive or ill-conceived as it may seem) have while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.

答案解析
 

41. 选择[F]【解析】第二段全段没有转折词，末句出现了Also,可见该段前后内容一致，为递进关系。末句中出现代词they和them，指代首段提到的孩子，他有什么兴趣，最适合什么，因该是帮助孩子了解他们自身的优缺点，改正缺点。只有了解了自己是什么人，才知道自己适合什么。我们通过对该段中代词的把握以及对最后一个句子中提到的兴趣种类就可以判断41题选[F]。

42. 选择[D]【解析】42题考生很容易错选成[A]，这是因为首句提到role model，这与[A]中的good example一致。但是小标题的选择应该是对段落的整体把握，不是只关注部分细节内容。首句提到榜样之后，后面都没有谈到这一内容。显然该段主旨并榜样问题。后面内容中反复出现的一个关键是future，指出家长和孩子们要定期讨论对未来的设想，显然[D]为答案。

43. 选择[B]【解析】本题所在段首句为主题句，指出父母应该教给孩子怎样工作。后面具体解释如何教会孩子们工作：给孩子分配家务，鼓励十几岁的孩子做兼职等。通过这些方式让孩子学会工作的技能。[B]是对主题句的同义转述，是对后细节内容的高度概括，故为答案。

44. 选择[C]【解析】本段未出现明显的主题句，但全段都是在谈论一些娱乐性的业余生活的危害，作者提到玩电子游戏、长时间的看电视剧、长时间的用耳机听音乐等活动会妨碍重要的沟通和思考能力的发展，影响持续的注意力发展。结合首段内容可知，这里作者是向家长提建议，指出如何帮助孩子为未来的工作做好准备。虽然本段没有明确指出应该采取何种措施，由这里提到的危害可限制，这样才不会影响他某些方面能力的发展，故[C]为答案。

45. 选择[E]【解析】本段提到孩子们需要某种节能，处理各种状况。第一、二句中出现deal with, solve, resolve等词，表示孩子们需要应对、解决某些问题。由此可以推断，作者在本段中提到的是处理和应对各种情况的技能，这与[E]中的coping strategies不谋而合，故该项为答案。

参考译文

父母如何提供帮助?

父母可以做很多事确保自己的孩子能够安全进入成人期。即使一份工作的起薪低得似乎很难满足一个即将成人的孩子的快速自我满足的需求，如果这个准成人准备好了的话，从学校向职场的转变可以少些困顿。这里有几种方法，选自我的书《不管是否准备好，生活已经开始》，父母可以借鉴它们来预防我称为“工作未准备好”的情况。

帮助孩子了解自己

当孩子们11或12岁的时候，你就可以开始这个过程。周期性地和他们一起评论他们显现出的优点和缺点，一起克服任何缺点，诸如在交流和合作方面遇到的困难。此外，还要发现他们一直以来的兴趣所在，这是因为它们会提供将来什么职业最适合他们的线索。

定期谈论关于未来的话题

孩子们需要一系列真实的行为榜样，这与他们小圈子里的成员、流行歌星及自负的运动不同。定期在晚餐桌前谈论家庭成员认识的人，他们是如何达成自己的理想的。讨论你自己职业中的快乐和不利方面，鼓励你的孩子就他们自己的前途有些想法。当问到他们想做什么的时候，应该阻止他们说“我没想法”他们可以200次改变自己的想法，但是对于前途看法模糊可不怎么好。

增强孩子的工作技能

教师负责教孩子如何学习，家长应该教孩子如何工作。给孩子分配家务，确保作业按时完成。鼓励十几岁的孩子做兼职工作。孩子们需要足够的练习才能够延迟自己的满足感，施展有效的组织才能，例如管理时间，设定优先考虑的事情等。

限制活动时间

玩电子游戏会让人们感到即时的满足。几个小时看带有录音的笑声的电视剧只会让孩子们消极地处理信息。同时，通过耳机长时间地听同一单调的节奏会让孩子们沉浸在自己的幻想中而不是努力追求其他的东西。这些活动会妨碍重要的沟通和思考能力的发展，孩子在未来大多数工作都需要的持续的注意力方在的发展很困难。

帮助孩子培养解决问题的能力

他们应该知道如何应对困境、压力及感觉能力不足的情况。他们应该学会如何解决问题和冲突，学习进行头脑风暴的方法，批判性地思考问题。家庭里讨论能够帮助孩子练习这些能力，帮助他们将这些技能应用到日常生活的不同情况。

那些已长大成人但是看起来的苦苦挣扎，漫无目的地在刚刚成人时游荡的那些儿女们该如何呢?家长们还扮演一个重要的角色，但现在这个角色更棘手些。他们必须小心，不让自己对孩子失望。他们应该表现出对自己还缺乏经验的孩子看起来还很天真或考虑不周所感兴趣的东西的强烈兴趣和尊敬，在探索他们未来的选择方面成为孩子们的伙伴。最重要的是，这些刚刚长大的孩子必须要感觉到他们受尊敬，得到一个欣赏他们的家庭的支持。