在新疆，各民族不论人口多少、历史长短、发展水平高低、风俗习惯差异等，都具有平等的地位，共同参与国家事务、管理地方事务、行使基层民主权利。

　　贯彻落实民族区域自治制度。民族区域自治制度是中国的一项基本政治制度，是在国家统一领导下，各少数民族聚居地方实行区域自治，设立自治机关，依法行使自治权的制度。民族区域自治不是某个民族独享的自治，民族自治地方更不是某个民族独有的地方。新疆贯彻落实民族区域自治制度，成立了巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州、昌吉回族自治州、伊犁哈萨克自治州、焉耆回族自治县、察布查尔锡伯自治县、木垒哈萨克自治县、和布克赛尔蒙古自治县、塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县、巴里坤哈萨克自治县。各自治地方充分行使自治权利，自主管理地方事务，平等参与管理国家事务。自治区立法机关根据宪法和法律，既享有普通省级行政区地方立法权，又享有根据本区域实际制定自治条例、单行条例的立法权。1979年以来，自治区人大及其常委会共制定地方性法规669件，现行有效161件；作出法规性决议决定和重大事项决议决定54件；批准设区的市、自治州、自治县单行条例和地方性法规239件。

　　有效行使选举权和被选举权。依照宪法法律规定，各民族公民平等享有选举权和被选举权。选举坚持实行普遍、平等、直接选举和间接选举相结合，以及差额选举的原则。各民族公民直接选举县（市、区）、乡（镇）人民代表大会代表，在此基础上逐级选出州（市）、自治区和全国人民代表大会代表。新疆维吾尔自治区选举产生第十三届全国人民代表大会代表61名，其中少数民族代表38名，占62.3%。全国人民代表大会常务委员会组成人员中有新疆少数民族代表。新疆维吾尔自治区第十三届人民代表大会共有代表548名，其中少数民族代表353名，占64.42%。新疆现有州（市）人大代表2488名，其中少数民族代表1349名，占54.22%；县（市、区）级人大代表16960名，其中少数民族代表10025名，占59.11%；乡（镇）人大代表43204名，其中少数民族代表31739名，占73.46%。

　　充分实现参政议政权。新疆是中国唯一设有三级自治地方（自治区、自治州、自治县）的自治区。自治地方各级人民代表大会和人民政府行使管理本地区事务的权力。自治区主席、自治州州长、自治县县长均由实行区域自治的民族的公民担任。在协商民主的制度框架内，新疆各级政协积极吸收各族各界人士参政议政，及时、准确、有效地反映社情民意，切实保障各族群众参与共同协商和民主监督。第十三届全国政协委员中，住新疆的有34名，其中少数民族委员18名，占52.9%。新疆维吾尔自治区第十二届政协有委员502名，其中少数民族委员236名，占47%。截至2021年3月，新疆维吾尔自治区第十二届政协共提交提案2588件，涉及政治、经济、文化、教育、科技、民生等领域。

　　依法推进基层群众自治。基层群众自治是基层民主主要实现形式，是人民当家作主最有效、最广泛的途径。《新疆维吾尔自治区实施〈中华人民共和国城市居民委员会组织法〉办法》《新疆维吾尔自治区实施〈中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法〉办法》《新疆维吾尔自治区村民委员会选举办法》《新疆维吾尔自治区村务公开办法》等地方性法规的制定实施，为基层民主权利的实现提供了法治保障。目前，新疆在城市和农村分别设立居民委员会3389个、村民委员会8906个，负责办理本居住区居（村）民的公共事务或公益事业，调解民间纠纷，协助维护社会治安，向人民政府或者其他派出机关反映居（村）民的意见、要求和提出建议等。全疆城乡基层普遍制定了市民公约、村规民约，基层自治组织自我管理、自我教育、自我服务、自我监督水平不断提高。

【参考译文】
 

All ethnic groups in Xinjiang, regardless of their population, history, development level and customs, have equal status. They all enjoy the democratic right to participate in the administration of state and local affairs and in community-level self-governance.

A system of regional ethnic autonomy is in place. This system is a basic component of China’s political system. Under the unified leadership of the state, regional autonomy is practiced in areas where ethnic minority groups live in compact communities. Organs of self-government are established to exercise autonomy in accordance with the law. Regional ethnic autonomy and autonomous areas are not the exclusive possession of any ethnic group.

Xinjiang practices regional autonomy in five prefectures: Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, and Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture; and in six counties: Yanqi Hui Autonomous County, Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County, Mori Kazak Autonomous County, Hoboksar Mongolian Autonomous County, Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County, and Barkol Kazak Autonomous County.

All the autonomous areas exercise the power to govern their respective local affairs, and participate as equals in the administration of state affairs. According to the Constitution and relevant state laws, the legislature of an autonomous region, while exercising the powers of a provincial-level administrative division, has the power to enact regulations on the exercise of regional autonomy and other particular regulations in line with local conditions.

Since 1979, the People’s Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and its Standing Committee have formulated a total of 669 local regulations, with 161 currently in effect. They have passed 54 resolutions and decisions with regulatory functions or on major issues, and approved 239 separate regulations and other local regulations submitted by prefecture-level cities, autonomous prefectures or autonomous counties.

The right to vote and stand for election is institutionalized. As stipulated by the Constitution and laws, Chinese citizens of any ethnic origin have the right to vote and stand for election. The principles in elections are: universal suffrage, equality, combination of direct and indirect elections, and multi-candidate election [In elections for national and local people’s congresses, the number of candidates for election must exceed the number of posts available.]. Citizens of all ethnic groups in the autonomous region directly elect deputies to the people’s congresses at county and township levels, who then elect deputies to each succeeding level, from the prefecture-level congress, through the congress of the autonomous region, to the National People’s Congress (NPC).

The 13th NPC has 61 deputies from Xinjiang, of whom 38 (62.3 percent) are from ethnic minority groups. The NPC Standing Committee also has ethnic minority members from Xinjiang. The 13th People’s Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is formed by 548 deputies, of whom 353 (64.4 percent) are of ethnic minority origins. Xinjiang now has 2,488 deputies to prefecture-level people’s congresses (including 1,349 of ethnic minority origins, 54.2 percent), 16,960 deputies to county-level people’s congresses (including 10,025 of ethnic minority origins, 59.1 percent), and 43,204 deputies to township-level people’s congresses (including 31,739 of ethnic minority origins, 73.5 percent).

The right to participate in the deliberation and administration of state and local affairs is guaranteed. Xinjiang is the only region in China that has autonomous areas at all the three levels – region, prefecture and county. People’s congresses and people’s governments of ethnic autonomous areas exercise autonomy to administer local affairs. The chair of the autonomous region, the governors of autonomous prefectures, and the heads of autonomous counties are all citizens from the local ethnic groups exercising regional autonomy.

Within the framework of consultative democracy, the local committees of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in Xinjiang encourage people from all walks of life and different ethnic groups to participate in state and local affairs. The committees provide timely, accurate, and efficient reporting on public opinion, and guarantee that the people of all ethnic groups enjoy their right to participate in political consultation and democratic supervision.

The 13th CPPCC National Committee has 34 members from Xinjiang, of whom 18 (52.9 percent) are from ethnic minority groups. The 12th Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Committee of the CPPCC has 502 members, of whom 236 (47 percent) are from ethnic minority groups. As of March 2021, the 12th Xinjiang Committee of the CPPCC had submitted a total of 2,588 proposals covering politics, the economy, culture, education, science and technology, public wellbeing and other fields.

Community-level self-governance is guaranteed in accordance with the law. Community-level self-governance is a major channel of grassroots democracy in China, and the most effective way to spread as widely as possible the right of the people to be the masters of the country. A number of local regulations provide the legal basis for protecting grassroots democratic rights in the region, including Measures on Implementing the Organic Law of the Urban Residents Committees, Measures on Implementing the Organic Law of the Villagers Committees, Procedures on the Election of the Villagers Committee, and Measures on Making Village Affairs Transparent.

Xinjiang currently has 3,389 urban residents committees and 8,906 villagers committees to run public or welfare affairs, mediate disputes, assist in safeguarding social stability within their respective jurisdictions, and report on the opinions, requests and proposals of residents and villagers to relevant people’s governments or their detached agencies. Almost all communities in both urban and rural areas throughout Xinjiang have formulated codes of conduct for citizens. Their capacity to manage their own affairs by involving the local residents in educating and serving the community and exercising public scrutiny is steadily improving.