华慧考博英语-英语中表示强调的方法
我们在说话、写文章的过程中,为了要突出句子中的某一部分时,就常使用某种方法、手段使它突出,以便能引起他人的注意,这就是强调。
(一)表示强调的方法
英语中,表示强调的方法一般分为三种:位置强调,用词强调,句型强调。
1. 位置强调
英语句子的语序一般为:主、谓、宾、表、状。有时为了强调某个成分,就故意将它移到句首或句末。
(1)强调主语及状语。
I was reading English this morning. → This morning, I was reading English.
今天早晨,我一直在读英语。
(2)强调谓语(as、though引导的让步状语从句) 。
① Though he will try, he can’t succeed. → Try as / though he will, he can’t succeed.
尽管他会尝试,但他不会成功。
② Though she can sing, she can’t sing well. → Sing though / as she can, she can’t sing well.
尽管她会唱,但唱得不好。
(3)强调宾语或表语(as、though引导的让步状语从句)
① Though he learnt English, he didn’t learn it well. → English as / though he learnt, he didn’t learn it well. 尽管他学过英语,但他学得并不好。
② Though he is ill, he keeps on working. → Ill as / though he is, he keeps on working.
尽管他有病,但他仍坚持工作。
2. 用词强调
英语中强调的另一种方法,就是用不同的词进行夸张从而达到强调的目的。用词强调主要有以下几种形式。
(1)在句子中的谓语动词前加助动词do,对谓语进行强调。对一般现在时及一般过去时中的谓语动词用助动词do/does/did+动词原形进行强调。
① Do come this evening. 今晚一定来。
② Tom does study hard now. 汤姆现在学习真的很努力。
(2)用awfully、badly、dead、deeply、ever、extremely、highly、indeed、lightly、not…at all、particularly、pretty、really、so、strongly、terribly、utterly、very、very much等副词修饰以加强语气。
① He wants to get it very much. 他非常想得到它。
② I miss you terribly. 我非常思念你。
(3)用短语: at all、on earth、in the world、under the sun等表示强调,意思是“到底,究竟,根本”。
① I don’t know it at all. 我一点也不知道。
② What on earth are you doing there? 你到底在那干什么?
(4)用重复某一个词或短语来强调。
① He thought and thought, and suddenly he got a good idea.
他想了又想,突然想到了一个好主意。
② He ran and ran, and at last he caught up with other students.
他跑啊跑啊,终于赶上了其他的同学们。
(5) 感叹词表示强调:what /how 省略主谓,注意语序。
What a life! 多棒的生活啊!
3. 句型强调
要强调句子的某一部分(通常是主语、状语、宾语),可以把it当作先行词。这种句子的结构是“It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who + 句子的其余部分”。如果强调的部分是人,可用who代替that。如:
I met Tom in the street yesterday. 我昨天在街上遇到汤姆。
It was I who met Tom in the street yesterday. (强调主语)
It was Tom that I met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语)
It was in the street that (不用where) I met Tom yesterday. (强调地点状语)
It was yesterday that (不用when) I met Tom in the street. (强调时间状语)
【注】句型强调的注意点
(1)时态的运用
强调句中的时态要依原句的时态来确定。即原句为过去的某种时态,则强调句中的be动词就用过去时;若原句为现在的某种时态,强调句就用be的现在时态。如:
It was because I was caught in the traffic that I came late. (was与came时态保持一致)
It is Tom who loves football most. (is与loves时态保持一致)
(2)人称和数的运用
被强调的部分如果是句子的主语,that / who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。如:It is I that / who am your friend that will come to help you.
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