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华慧考博—英语句子中谓语动词单复数的就近原则
在英语的学习中，对于如何确定谓语动词的单复数，不少华慧考博的学员在遇到一些不常见的句子结构时总是弄不清楚或把握不住，从而会犯这样或那样的错误。为了让大家更好地掌握如何确定英语句子中谓语动词的单复数，在这里我们一起来对“就近原则”进行一些总结。1. there be句型——当there be结构后有两个或几个并列的主语时，be动词是用单数还是复数形式要取决于与其靠得最近的那个主语，如：
1) There is only a small dining table and two chairs in this newly refurnished room.
在这个新装修的房间里只有一张小餐桌和两把椅子。
There are only two chairs and a small dining table in this newly refurnished room.
在这个新装修的房间里只有两把椅子和一张小餐桌。
2) There was only a banana, two oranges and three eggs in his bag for his lunch when he got to the top of the hill that day.
那天当他到达山顶时，他的包里只有一根香蕉、两个橘子和三个鸡蛋作为午餐。
There are only three eggs, a banana and two oranges in his bag for his lunch when he got to the top of the hill that day.
那天当他到达山顶时，他的包里只有三个鸡蛋，一个香蕉和两个橘子作为午餐。
2. neither…nor…连接主语时，谓语动词是用单数还是复数形式要取决于与其靠得最近的那个主语，如：
1) Neither you nor she is to blame for his failing to pass this examination last week.
你和她都不该因为他上周考试不及格而受责备。
Neither she nor you are to blame for his failing to pass this examination last week.
她和你都不该因为他上周考试不及格而受责备。
2) Neither I nor he is going to go abroad for further study this year.
今年我和他都不打算出国深造。
Neither he nor I am going to go abroad for further study this year.
今年他和我都不打算出国深造。
3) Neither she nor you have enough money to buy a house whose price is too high.
她和你们都没有足够的钱买一所价格太高的房子。
Neither you nor she has enough money to buy a house whose price is too high.
你们和她都没有足够的钱买一所价格太高的房子。
3. either…or…连接主语时，谓语动词是用单数还是复数形式要取决于与其靠得最近的那个主语，如：
Either Tom or they are responsible for this mistake which has caused the late delivery of this batch of goods. 汤姆或他们要对导致这批货延迟交付的这个错误负责。
Either they or Tom is responsible for this mistake which has caused the late delivery of this batch of goods. 他们或汤姆要对导致这批货延迟交付的这个错误负责。
4. not only …but also…连接主语时，，谓语动词是用单数还是复数形式要取决于与其靠得最近的那个主语，如：
Not only he but also his friends are going to take part in this match.
不仅他，而且他的朋友们都要参加这次比赛。
Not only his friends but also he is going to take part in this match.
不仅他的朋友们，而且他也要参加这次比赛。
5. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于与其靠得最近的那个主语，如：
Suddenly here come three rabbits, a wolf and three foxes when he decides to go home.
当他决定回家时，突然来了三只兔子，一只狼和三只狐狸。
Suddenly here comes a wolf, three rabbits, and three foxes when he decides to go home.
当他决定回家时，突然来了一只狼，三只兔子和三只狐狸。
6. 在使用就近原则时，也要排除一些干扰因素，如
1) No one except the two boys was late for class.
除了两个男孩外，没有一个人迟到。
（备注：这里的“the two boys”不是句子的主语，句子的主语是“No one”，故这里的谓语动词应该用单数形式的“was”。）
2) He as well as the other boys is going to learn how to use the computer.
他和其他男孩一样将要学习如何使用计算机。
（备注：这里的“the other boys”不是句子的主语，句子的主语是“He”，故这里的谓语动词应该用单数形式的“is”。）
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