学员疑问:
老师,这道阅读题中的句子我完全读不懂,尤其是"not one here who has not...""of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which...",请您帮忙分析结构并翻译:
Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomenon.
老师解答:
这个句子是典型的学术英语长难句,包含双重否定、多重定语从句和插入语,我们分层拆解:
主句是 there is not one here(这里没有一个人),"probably"是状语修饰全句。
who has not... had occasion... 是定语从句修饰one,意为"没有……机会的人"。整个主句+定语从句构成双重否定(not...not...),实际表达肯定含义,即"这里每一个人都有机会……"。
定语从句的谓语是has had occasion(有机会),不定式to set in motion(启动)作后置定语修饰occasion,其宾语是a complex train of reasoning(一连串复杂的推理)。
of the very same kind 修饰reasoning,说明"推理属于同一种类";though differing in degree 是插入语的让步状语,修饰kind,意为"虽然在程度上有所不同";as that which... 是比较状语从句,修饰前面的kind,其中that指代kind,which a scientific man goes through... 是定语从句修饰that,意为"科学家在追溯自然现象原因时所经历的那种(推理)"。
参考译文: 大概在这里没有一个人不曾在一日之中有过这样的机会:启动一连串复杂的推理过程,这种推理与科学家在追溯自然现象原因时所经历的推理属于同一类型,虽然在程度上有所不同。
点评分析:
本句是考博阅读中的"天花板"级长难句,涵盖三大高频考点:①双重否定表肯定——"there is not one who has not..."是强调"人人都有"的修辞手法,翻译时需转化为肯定表达;②多重后置定语叠加——of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which... 中,中心词reasoning后面挂了三个层级的修饰,需按"先核心、再外围、最后比较"的顺序梳理逻辑关系;③插入语打断结构——though differing in degree 插在of the very same kind和as that which之间,人为制造了理解障碍,阅读时可先跳过插入语,将of the very same kind... as that which... 连读为一个整体(the same... as... 比较结构)。在翻译技巧上,建议将to set in motion后的长宾语单独拆分为一个分句("启动……推理过程"),再将多重修饰转化为中文的"这种推理……与……属于同一类型",使译文符合中文"短句连缀"的表达习惯。该句型在考博英语中常出现在文章开篇或结论段,命题人往往针对其逻辑关系(比较、因果、让步)设题,考生务必熟练掌握此类"嵌套修饰+插入语"结构的拆解方法。






