针对复旦大学考博英语—无选项完型填空试题分析
无选项完形填空题是考博英语试题当中,难度较高的一类考博英语题型,考生们很容易在这一块出现大量丢分或者蒙题的现象,这对于考生来说是非常可惜的事情。作为少数在考博英语试卷当中加入无选项完形填空的院校,复旦大学考博英语的无选项完形填空题很适合作为典型来分析。
一、试题原文参考:(来源:复旦大学2011年无选项填空)
A considerable amount of medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease. The rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change their behavior to lower that risk.__1 __this is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that things are not quite that simple and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily a top priority in everyone’s life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of health may interfere 2 other, more important matters. Second, the benefits to be derived 3 such changes rarely are immediate or obvious. Usually, improvements in health take place over long periods of time and are quite subtle. 4 , we are all so bombarded with information about the thousands of health hazards to which we are exposed 5 most of us “tune out” much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of new information to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later by even “newer” information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing about a risk does not necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to 6 it.
7 when people want to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but 8 great effort very few are able to do so. Most smokers acknowledge, at some level, that health hazards associated with smoking and most wish that there were a simple and painless way to stop. 9 the number of people who want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even 10 are able to maintain such weight losses.
二、学生答案参考
1. Although 2.with 3.from 4.However 5.and 6. Change 7. However 8.no
9. such as 10. None
- 解题步骤指导
其次,分析每个空格要填的词性。这需要结合句法、知识来分析。
最后,巩固和培养题感和逻辑。每次做题时,最好不要直接在试题上填答案。建议将自己的答案写在一张便利贴上。第二天做题时先将前一天的完型(空白试题)再读一遍,一是扫清词汇障碍,二是培养解题逻辑分析能力,逐空分析解题思路和自己错题原因。例如参考答案给的是连词,而自己的答案是介词,那就是解题时句法分析不到位。
- 试题答案精解和学生做题原因分析
第2 小题:空格所在的句子(changing behavior in the interests of health主语) may interfere 2 (谓语)other, more important matters(宾语)是个完整的句子。因此只需填一个介词,让句子语义通顺,语法正确就行。这里是interfere with“干预”的固定搭配。
第3小题:空格所在的句子(the benefits to be derived 3 such changes主语) rarely are (系动词)immediate or obvious(表语)是个完整的句子。因此也只需填一个介词。这里考查的是derive from“源于,源自”的固定搭配。
第4小题:空格后面是一个完整的句子,不缺任何成分。因此此处只要填一个副词来修饰整个句子就行。学生给的答案是“however”,尽管语法词性分析正确但是空格前后并不存在转折关系,因此没有考虑到句子之间的意思。通过前面的副词First of all,Second,线索提示可知,此处应是解释第一空所说的人们为什么不愿意去改变自己行为的原因。因此填“Third”。
第5小题:此空所在的句子比较长。我们需要将句子简化,才能看出此空要填的词性。空前 about the thousands of health hazards 是介词短语作后置定语,修饰information,可以删掉。 to which we are exposed是定语从句,修饰health hazards。也可以将其删掉。因此可简化为we are all so bombarded with information5 most of us “tune out” much of this information.可知第5空前后是两个简单句,填状语从句或者并列句的连接词。学生给的答案是and,词性分析正确,但这两句并不是简单的并列关系,而是根据前一句的线索词“so”可知后一句是结果状语从句。因此填that。当然还有些学生填的是to,想到的是expose to固定搭配,但是没有注意到前面的to which,属于粗心错误,或者是定语从句的介词+关系代词知识未过关所致。
第6小题:此空在to不定式符号后,因此需要填动词原形。动词需要考虑动宾搭配,因此需要将it还原。此处it应是指前面提到的risk。填实词文章中一般会有逻辑提示词。根据此空句意和第一段第二句的提示可知此空的最佳答案是“lower”。学生填的是“change”,句子分析不错,但是由于没有将it还原,“改变风险”不符合习惯用法。当然此空填|“prevent, avoid”,也会酌情给分。
第7 小题:此空后面是完整的句子。因此也只需填副词。再考虑到此空处于第2段开头,应是起到承上启下的作用。上一段说人们被告知了风险因素,但是不愿意改变自己的行为习惯来降低风险的原因。第二段第一句说当人们想要去改变自己的行为,也不是那么容易的事。因此的最佳答案是“Even”来表示递进关系。学生给的答案是“However”,语意通顺,但是however后面需要逗号。当然还有其他学生的答案“Furthermore, Moreover, Actually”尽管语意逻辑通顺,但是后面也需要逗号。
第8小题:此空是由but连接的两个完整的句子For example, the overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit(简单句), but 8 great effort (very few是主语)(are able to do是谓语)so(宾语)(简单句)。因此第8空句子结构完整,但语义不完整,需要填一个介词without .without great effort相当于是作状语。学生填的答案是“no”,考虑了句意,但是语法不符。
第9小题:此空后面是一个完整的句子,因此也是填副词。又因为此空处于想要放弃抽烟的人和想要减肥的人的例子中间,因此填“Likewise,Similarly, Corresponding”都行。学生此处给的答案是“such as”,说明句意看懂了,但是题干要求只能填1词,且such as后面需要跟多个例子。因此不正确。
第10小题:此空是由but,and连接的3个完整的句子。 the number of people who want to lose weight is very large(简单句1), but few of these people are able to do it(简单句2) and even 10 are able to maintain such weight losses(简单句3).第10空为第三个简单句的主语,可以作主语的是名词或者代词。根据前一句的few of these people are able to do it“很少人能够做到减肥”,even后接比较级,因此填“fewer更少的”为最佳答案。学生给的答案是“none”,符合语法,但是none的意思是|“三者以上一个也没有”,语义上过于绝对,不符合常识。另外没有考虑到前面even应是加比较级结构。当然也有学生填“less”,错因是没有考虑到这里指代的是很少人,是可数名词。
- 做题总结和点评
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